Acoustic Analysis of Punjabi Phonemes /ñ/ and /÷/" by Tahira Naseem. [English] [Urdu]
Abstract: In this paper, acoustic properties of two Punjabi phonemes /ñ/ and /÷/ are discussed.  A comparison is also made between them and three other Punjabi phonemes /l/, /n/, and /}/ that closely resemble them. 

"Acoustic Differences between Dental and Alveolar Stops of Urdu" by Adnan Ijaz, Muhammad Awais Anwar. . [English] [Urdu]
Abstract: The differences between dental and alveolar stops of Urdu not only lie in their bursts but also in their formant transitions.  This paper lists these acoustic differences and also presents the reasons for these differences.

"Categorical Perception" by Irfan Umer Munir, Mohammad Bin Shahbaz. [English] [Urdu]
Abstract: This paper introduces the phenomenon of categorical perception and establishes it by performing an experiment on the [s-S] continuum in which the bandwidth of the fricative noise is varied gradually from a narrow band of [s] to a wide band of [S]. The two fricatives are distinctively identified without any transitional ambiguity even though the variation is gradual.

"Identification of Diphthongs in Urdu and their Acoustic Properties" by Amna Khan, Sahar Waqar. [English] [Urdu]
Abstract: There is a large inventory of vowels in Urdu and therefore the phonetic existence of diphthongs is very likely.  This paper illustrates a survey to identify the diphthongs in Urdu.  After the identification, their phonemic and acoustic properties are discussed.  Furthermore the formation of diphthongs (their phonetic to phonemic conversion) is discussed using examples.   

"Analysis of Intonation Patterns in Urdu" by Rabia Nayyer, Fatima Gull Madni. [English] [Urdu]
Abstract: Urdu has many interesting intonation patterns.  Intonation can be used to indicate how the speaker feels about what he is saying, or express emotions like anger, joy, exclamation, tire, interrogation, satisfaction etc.  An important feature of Urdu intonation is the use of extra stress to indicate the main focus of a sentence. This paper aims at presenting a detailed analysis of intonation patterns of Urdu regarding declarative and interrogative sentences.  The variation in pitch and duration of fundamental frequency of a sentence differs due to gender differences, which is observed and the generalized syllable pattern map for declarative and interrogative sentences containing multi syllabic words is presented in this paper.

"Speaker Dependent Features in Transistion from a Stop to a Vowel" by Ahmed Abdul Rehman and Salman Bashir Awan. [English] [Urdu]
Abstract: This paper inspects whether there is some speaker dependent information present in formant transition rates from consonant into a vowel, also if it is computationally possible to extract this information.  The first four formants were studied in this regard.

"Phonological Behaviour of Aspirated Consonants in Urdu" by Adnan Nisar, Zeeshan Baqir. [English] [Urdu]
Abstract: Aspirated sounds in Urdu show variation in different contexts, which mainly occur due to some phonological rules.Some of these variations show random behavior, which makes them harder to be generalized into phonological rules.This paper intends to uncover these phonological rules and to explain the phonological behavior of aspirated consonants in Urdu language.The rules described are supported by relevant data from Urdu.

"Existence of Ingma in Urdu Language and its Phonological Features" by Kashif Munir, Tayyaba Mohsin. [English] [Urdu]
Abstract: This paper aims to look into the existence of the velar nasal phoneme known as ingma, /N/, along with its phonological aspect sin Urdu Language.  Occurrence of ingma is discussed in the paper on the basis of the acoustic and phonological analysis of the data collected for this purpose.

"Gender and Number Generation of Urdu Nouns" by Fatima Ijaz, Muhammad Raihan Moin. [English] [Urdu]
Abstract: This paper serves as the source to provide the information that how the process of gender (masculine, feminine) and number (singular, plural) formation of nouns varies due to phonological rules in the Urdu language.

"Phonotactic Distribution of Consonantal Sounds in Urdu" by Arsalan Ahmed, Shakil Nasir. [English] [Urdu]
Abstract: Phonotactic distribution of any language represents all possible phoneme combinations allowed by that language.  In this paper, we try to describe the phonotactic distribution of Urdu language with respect to consonantal phonemes.  We have also presented possible Urdu syllable templates with complex consonantal cluster.

"Syllabification and Resyllabification in Urdu" by Rafia Bokhari, Sadaf Pervez. [English] [Urdu]
Abstract: This paper tends to describe an approach to syllabification and resyllabification in Urdu language.  It focuses on the applicability of different syllabification algorithms.  Different scenarios under which resyllabification is required are distinguished and the process of resyllabification is explained.

"Urdu Viseme Identification" by Abdul Rafay Abbasi, Naveed Ahmed. [English] [Urdu]
Abstract: We have identified parameters of lip shapes for Urdu phonemic strings using tri-viseme samples (VcV).  These parameters were used for animation of human lips. In order to perform this animation, a framework for simulation of human lips was developed in Open GL.  These simulations have validated data values for the identified parameters.

"Vowel Structure of Urdu" by Nakhat Fatima, Rabea Adan. [English] [Urdu]
Abstract: The following paper is presented to establish Urdu vowel structure.  In this paper we have discussed the vowel structures of Urdu, which have been defined by previous researchers.  We have introduced a few short vowels and proven their existence, phonetically and phonologically.  We have ultimately concluded that there are fourteen vowels in Urdu, out of which seven are long and seven are short (corresponding to each long vowel).

"Existence of aspirated l, r and} in Urdu Language" by Maryam Bashir, Fariha Zia. [English] [Urdu]
Abstract: Existence of aspirated l, r and }(, and ) has always been controversial in Urdu language.  This paper discusses the existence of these aspirations in Urdu.  Experiments have been conducted to investigate the phonetic and phonemic existence of rH, }Hand, lH.  From the data it has been found that Urdu speakers do not use phonemes in their speech however still exists with limited use.

"Phonemic Inventory of Pashto" by Madiha Ijaz. [English]
Abstract: Pashto is one of the East Iranian groups of languages, which include, for example, Ossete (North Ossetian, South Ossetian, and Caucusus Soviet Socialist Republic ) and Yaghnobi (Tajikistan ) (www.afghan-network.com).  In this paper its phonemic inventory is discussed.  Dialect spoken in Peshawar region (Yusufzai) is considered.  Documented inventories were considered as basis of the analysis and then further experiments are conducted for investigation of status of the phonemes particular to the dialect.

"Phonemic Inventory of Siraiki Language and Acoustic Analysis of Voiced Implosives" by Amna Latif. [English]
Abstract: Siraiki is the language of the inhabitants of the Indus Valley and belongs to the Indo-Aryan family. This paper deals with the phonemic inventory of Siraiki and the acoustic analysis of voiced implosives. Although not many documented inventories could be found yet two were considered as the basis. Multani Siraiki was the dialect chosen. Experiments are carried out to prove the inventory.

"Change in Short Vowel in the Context of /h/" by Muhammad Umer Azad, Salman Ahmad. [English]
Abstract: This paper discusses an interesting phenomenon observed in Urdu when a /h/ occurs in syllable-final and is preceded by a short vowel.  The change occurs either in the quality, duration or perception of the vowel.  It is seen that in most cases the duration of short vowel is not changed but qualitatively it becomes a long vowel.  In few cases the features of /h/ are detected and overridden by that of preceding vowel.  However, a case was observed where the quality and duration of vowel is not changed but the listeners perceive it differently.

"Unigram Analysis of Urdu Names for a Speech Recognition Application" by Nayyara Karamat, Sadaf Nawaz, Huda Sarfraz. [English]
Abstract: This paper presents the methodology used to select the vocabulary for a speech recognition system.  The vocabulary under consideration is a set of names of Urdu speaking people.  The results obtained are also presented, along with some interesting observations made during the process and some additional data.