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"Rule-Based Expert System for Urdu Nastaleeq Justification" by Dr. Sarmad Hussain, Ahmed Sheraz Butt, Mohammad Asad, Salahuddin Chaudhry. [English]
ABSTRACT: Localization of regional languages is a very hot topic these days. Availability of local fonts in this respect is considered a major pre-requisite. This has lead to an information revolution over the globe. Urdu, being a widely spoken language all over the world, needs to be automated in computers and in this regard, a lot of research work is on its way. This paper reflects upon the complexities of justification features in Nastaleeq style of writing Urdu. It further elaborates the problem statement, techniques of justification and recent achievements for its realization in computer in the form of a rule-based expert system.

"Diphthongs in Urdu Language and Analysis of their Acoustic Properties" by Aiza Sarwar, Sana Ahmed and Aymen Aziz Tarar. [English] [Urdu]
ABSTRACT: In addition to the vowels and consonants, the Urdu language has also got some diphthongs. This paper demonstrates a survey to identify the Urdu diphthongs and an analysis of their acoustic properties. The variation in acoustics properties of diphthongs across and within various speakers (both males and females) is discussed.

"Possibility of Existence and Identification of Diphthongs and Triphthongs in Urdu Language" by Kiran Khurshid, Salman Ahmad Usman and Nida Javaid Butt. [English] [Urdu]
ABSTRACT: This paper gives an account of possible diphthongs and triphthongs in Urdu. To identify these diphthongs and triphthongs., first a list of all possible diphthongs and trip thongs is prepared using an Urdu dictionary and then native speakers are asked to syllabify them. Diphthongs identified by them are then verified by analyzing their durations and comparing them with the duration of "pure" vowels. In this way the conclusions given at the end of paper are reached.

"Existence of aspirated l and m in Urdu Language" by Iffat Haider Bokhari and Riffat Haider Bokhari. [English]
ABSTRACT: Urdu is a phonemically rich language with forty six consonantal sounds, out of which fifteen are aspirated sounds. The use of some of these aspirated sounds in Urdu language has become so uncommon that their existence is considered controversial. Such phonemes include /lh/, /mh/, /nh/, /rh/,and / ŗh /. This paper discusses the phonetic and phonemic existence of aspirated l and m in Urdu language.

"Intonation Patterns in Punjabi" by Haroon Dawood, Rehan Shahid, Touqeer Ahmed. [English] [Urdu]
ABSTRACT: Emotions influence a person's way of speaking, and it is possible to identify the emotional state of a speaker by merely listening to spoken utterances [1]. This paper aims at presenting a detailed analysis of intonation patterns of Punjabi regarding basic emotions (natural, happiness, sadness, anger). The pitch and average fundamental frequency of a sentence is highly variable due to different emotional states, these variations are observed and the generalized syllable pattern map for these sentences is presented in this paper.

"Existence of Voiceless Velar Nasal in Urdu" by Amad Khan, Mohammad Arif Iqbal, Nawab Zada Asad Iqbal. [English] [Urdu]
ABSTRACT: This paper aims to look into the existence of the voiceless velar nasal phoneme in Urdu; known as voiceless ingma. It discusses the behavior of the nasalised sound that occurs when n precedes a velar stop. The discussion is based on the acoustic and phonological analysis of the data collected for the paper.

"Existence of Velar Nasal Stops in Urdu" by Agha Ali Raza, Mansoor Pervaiz, Waqas Iqbal. [English]
ABSTRACT: This paper aims to investigate the existence of the voiced velar nasal stop ("Ingma") and unvoiced velar nasal stop ("Inkma" -analogous to Ingma-) in Urdu Language, respectively. The presence of the velar nasal stops in Urdu Language is scrutinized on the basis of phonetic and phonological analysis.

"Phonemic Inventory of Sindhi and Acoustic Analysis of Voiced Implosives" by Sarfraz Raza, Agha Furrukh Zahid, Usman Raza. [English] [Urdu]
ABSTRACT: Sindhi offers distinct phonetics, phonology and morphology features. These features lend Sindhi unique particularities especially in recitative form of poetry. The remarkable and unique universal alliterative structure in Shah's poetry is an eloquent testimony to this fact. This is hardly possible in world's major languages .This paper is an effort to discover phonemic inventory of such a linguistically rich language.

"Syllabification of English words when spoken in Urdu" by Muhammad Usman, Syed Farooq Ali and Aamir Masood. [English] [Urdu]
ABSTRACT: This paper is presented to discuss the change in the structure (syllables) of words which are inherited in Urdu from English. There are certain phenomena like epenthesis, deletion which take place when English words are spoken in Urdu due to which syllabification of words takes place with respect to Urdu rules and templates. In this paper we have analyzed and discussed the reasons which cause this Urdu syllabification to take place.

"Phonological Behavior of Multiple Aspirated Consonants in Urdu" by Madiha Ejaz. [English]
ABSTRACT: Urdu words contain multiple aspirated consonants. The phonetic representation of these words varies from their phonemic representation. In some cases that variation occurs in certain context and hence is predictable while in most of the cases, it shows random behavior that is hard to predict or generalize into phonological rules. This paper tends to explore those rules and to explain the phonological behavior of aspirated consonants occurring at two or more than two places in Urdu words. These rules are complemented by various words present in Urdu vocabulary.

"Research Study – Punjabi (Majhi) Orthography & Pronunciation Contrast" by Ayesha Khan, Bushra Anjum, Muhammad Usman. [English] [Urdu]
ABSTRACT: It is somewhat accustomed for languages on the globe to have a contrast between phonetic and orthographic representation. These alterations are justified from the phonological rules, which are language specific. This paper discusses such phonological rules of different languages, but the concerned language is Majhi Punjabi.

"Deletion Rules in Punjabi Language" by M. Adil Saleem, M. Mudassar Nazar, Muein Muzammil. [English] [Urdu]
ABSTRACT: This term paper is intended to cover some common deletion rules in Punjabi. It focuses on the Punjabi that is spoken in Lahore. The term paper starts with a description of deletion and some common deletions in some languages. Then it defines the methodology adopted in the paper. It then describes the rules one by one by first providing some examples and then presenting the rule as the conclusion. Discussion marks some common behaviors of Punjabi language.

"English to Urdu Transliterator" by Tafseer Ahmad. [Urdu]