Papers

Sadia, B., Adeeba, F., Shams, S. and Javed, K. "Meeting the challenge: A benchmark corpus for automated Urdu meeting summarization" in Information Processing & Management Journal Volume 61, Issue 4, July 2024. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306457324000943?via%3Dihub/)

Tahir, M., Shams, S., Fiaz, L., Adeeba, F. and Hussain, S. "Benchmarking Pre-trained Large Language Models' Potential Across Urdu NLP tasks" in ArXiv, 2024 . (https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.15453/)

Ehsan, T., Khalid, J., Ambreen, S., Mustafa, A. and Hussain, S. "Improving Phrase Chunking by using Contextualized Word Embeddings for a Morphologically Rich Language" in Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Volume 47, August 2022 . (https://link.springer.com/journal/13369/)

Shams, S., Sadia, B. and Aslam, M. "Intent Detection in Urdu Queries using Fine-tuned BERT models" in the Proceedings of ICOSST 2022, Lahore, Pakistan. (https://icosst.kics.edu.pk/2022/)

Khan, E., Rauf S., Adeeba F. and Hussain S. "A Multi-Genre Urdu Broadcast Speech Recognition System" in the Proceedings of The O-COCOSDA 2021, Singapore. (https://www.colips.org/conferences/cocosda2021/wp/)

Urooj, S., Mumtaz, B., Hussain, S. and Haq, E. "Acoustic and Prosodic Correlates of Emotions in Urdu Speech", in the Proceedings of Interspeech 2021, Brno, Czechia. (https://www.interspeech2021.org/)

Ali, M.Z., Haq, E., Rauf, S., Javed, K. and Hussain, S. "Improving Hate Speech Detection of Urdu Tweets Using Sentiment Analysis," in IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 84296-84305, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3087827. (URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9449874)

Farooq, M., Adeeba F., Hussain S., Rauf S. and Khalid M. "Enhancing Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition System for Urdu-English Conversational Code-Switched Speech", in the Proceedings of The O-COCOSDA 2020, Yangon, Myanmar. (https://ococosda2020.ucsy.edu.mm/)

Ehsan, T., & Butt, M. "Dependency Parsing for Urdu: Resources, Conversions and Learning", in the Proceedings of The 12th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference. (URL: https://www.aclweb.org/)

Ahmed, T., Ehsan, T., Ashraf, A., u Rahman, M., Hussain, S., & Butt, M. "A Multilayered Urdu Treebank", in the Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Language and Technology 2020 (CLT 20), Lahore, Pakistan. (URL: http://www.cle.org.pk/clt20/).

Ehsan, T. and Hussain, S., "Development and Evaluation of an Urdu Treebank (CLE-UTB) and a Statistical Parser" in Language Resources & Evaluation (2020), Springer. (URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10579-020-09492-7)

Shams S., Haq M.A.u. and Waqar, Y., “Open educational resources (OER) usage trends among university students of Pakistan,” in Education and Information Technology, 2020. (URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10639-020-10195-3)

Rauf, S., Rahim, K., Khalid, M., Haq, E. and Javed, K."A Sentiment Lexicon for Urdu", in the Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Language and Technology 2020 (CLT 20), Lahore, Pakistan. (URL: http://www.cle.org.pk/clt20/).

Haq, E., Rauf, S., Hussain, S. and Javed, K. "Corpus of Aspect-based Sentiment for Urdu Political Data", in the Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Language and Technology 2020 (CLT 20), Lahore, Pakistan. (URL: http://www.cle.org.pk/clt20/).

Niazi, A., Urooj, S., Mumtaz, B. and Habib, T. "Development and Automation of Phrase Model for Urdu Speech Corpus", in the Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Language and Technology 2020 (CLT 20), Lahore, Pakistan. (URL: http://www.cle.org.pk/clt20/).

Saher, S., Akram, Q., Javed, K. and Hussain, S. "Improving Time Efficiency of TF-IDF Algorithm for Dynamic data streams", in the Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Language and Technology 2020 (CLT 20), Lahore, Pakistan. (URL: http://www.cle.org.pk/clt20/).

Farooq M. U., Adeeba F. and Hussain S., "X-vectors Based Urdu Speaker Identification for Short Utterances," in the Proceedings of O-COCOSDA 2019, Cebu, Philippines. (Conference URL: http://www.orientalcocosda2019.org.ph/).

Ehsan T. and Hussain S., "Analysis of Experiments on Statistical and Neural Parsing for a Morphologically Rich and Free Word Order Language Urdu," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 161776 - 161793 , 2019. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2949950. (URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8884086).

Urooj, S., Mumtaz, B. & Hussain, S. "Urdu Intonation", in Journal of South Asian Linguistics, Vol 10, Oct 2019. (URL: http://jsal-journal.org/)

Qasim M., Habib T., Mumtaz B. and Urooj S., "Speech Emotion Recognition for Urdu Language," in the Proceedings of Pluricentric Languages in Speech Technology, Satellite Workshop at Interspeech 2019, Graz, Austria. (URL: http://www.pluricentriclanguages.org/ndv-interspeech-workshop-graz-2019/?id=3).

Farooq U., Adeeba F., Rauf S. and Hussain S., "Improving Large Vocabulary Urdu Speech Recognition System using Deep Neural Networks," in the Proceedings of Interspeech 2019, Graz, Austria. (URL: https://www.interspeech2019.org/).

Adeeba F. and Hussain S., "Native Language Identification in Very Short Utterances Using Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 17098-17110, 2019. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2896453. (URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8630934? arnumber=8630934).

Akram, Q. and Hussain, S. "Improving Urdu Recognition using Character-based Artistic Features of Nastalique Calligraphy", in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 8495-8507, 2019. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2887103. (URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8604033/).

Mumtaz, B., Rauf, S., Qadir, H., Khalid, J., Habib, T., Hussain, S., Barkat, R. & Haq, E. "Urdu Speech Corpora for Banking Sector in Pakistan", in the Proceedings of 21st Oriental COCOSDA, Miyazaki, Japan, 2018. (URL: http://oriental-cocosda.org/orientalcocosda2018/).

Khanam, T. & Hussain, S. "Development of Noun Inflectional Morphology in Children Acquiring Urdu and Punjabi", in Journal of Research (Urdu), Vol 32, Dec 2017. (URL: https://www.bzu.edu.pk/jrurdu/)

Akram, Q. and Hussain, S. "Ligature-based Font Size Independent OCR for Noori Nastalique Writing Style", in the Proceedings of 1st International Workshop on Arabic Script Analysis and Recognition (ASAR 2017), LORIA, Nancy, France, 2017. (URL: http://asar.ieee.tn/).

Akram, Q., Niazi, A., Adeeba, F., Urooj, S., Hussain, S. and Shams, S. "A Comprehensive Image Dataset of Urdu Nastalique Document Images", in the Proceedings of Conference on Language and Technology 2016 (CLT 16), Lahore, Pakistan. (URL: http://www.cle.org.pk/clt16/).

Adeeba, F., Hussain, S. and Akram, Q. "Urdu Text Genre Identification", in the Proceedings of Conference on Language and Technology 2016 (CLT 16), Lahore, Pakistan. (URL: http://www.cle.org.pk/clt16/).

Bhatti, R. and Mumtaz, B. "Identification of Diphthongs in Urdu and their Acoustic Properties", in the Proceedings of Conference on Language and Technology 2016 (CLT 16), Lahore, Pakistan. (URL: http://www.cle.org.pk/clt16/).

Farooq, M. and Mumtaz, B. "Urdu Phonological Rules in Connected Speech", in the Proceedings of Conference on Language and Technology 2016 (CLT 16), Lahore, Pakistan. (URL: http://www.cle.org.pk/clt16/).

Shahid, Kh. S., Habib, T., Mumtaz, B., Adeeba, F. and Ehsan Ul Haq. "Subjective Testing of Urdu Text-to-Speech (TTS) System", in the Proceedings of Conference on Language and Technology 2016 (CLT 16), Lahore, Pakistan. (URL: http://www.cle.org.pk/clt16/).

Rauf, S., Ambreen, S., Hussain, S. and Mumtaz, B. "Acoustic Investigation of /l, j, v/ as Approximants in Urdu", in the Proceedings of Conference on Language and Technology 2016 (CLT 16), Lahore, Pakistan. (URL: http://www.cle.org.pk/clt16/).

Qasim, M., Rauf, S., Habib, T. and Hussain, S. "Urdu Speech Corpus for Travel Domain", in the Proceedings of 19th Oriental COCOSDA Conference 2016, Bali, Indonesia. (URL: http://www.ococosda2016.org/)

Mumtaz, B., Urooj, S., Hussain, S. and Ehsan Ul Haq. "Break Index (BI) Annotated Speech Corpus for Urdu TTS", in the Proceedings of 19th Oriental COCOSDA Conference 2016, Bali, Indonesia. (URL: http://www.ococosda2016.org/)

Adeba, F., Hussain, S., Habib, T., Haq, E. and Shahid, K.S. "Comparison of Urdu Text to Speech Synthesis using Unit Selection and HMM based Techniques", in the Proceedings of 19th Oriental COCOSDA Conference 2016, Bali, Indonesia. (URL: http://www.ococosda2016.org/)

Qasim, M., Nawaz, S., Hussain, S. and Habib, T. "Urdu Speech Recognition System for District Names of Pakistan: Development, Challenges and Solutions", in the Proceedings of 19th Oriental COCOSDA Conference 2016, Bali, Indonesia. (URL: http://www.ococosda2016.org/)

Qasim, M., Hussain, S., Habib, T. and Rahman, S.U. "Spoken Dialog System Framework Supporting Multiple Concurrent Sessions", in the Proceedings of 19th Oriental COCOSDA Conference 2016, Bali, Indonesia. (URL: http://www.ococosda2016.org/)

Shams, S., Haq, M. A. and Waqar, Y. "Open Education Educational Resources usage Trends among University Students of Pakistan", in the Proceedings of 3rd e-Learning and Distance Education Conference 2016, Lahore, Pakistan. (URL: http://eldec.vu.edu.pk).

Mumtaz, B., Urooj, S., Hussain, S. and Habib, W. "Stress Annotated Urdu Speech Corpus to Build Female Voice for TTS", in the Proceedings of 18th Oriental COCOSDA/CASLRE Conference 2015, Shanghai, China. (URL: http://www.ococosda2015.org/Default.aspx).

Rauf, S., Hameed, A., Habib, T. and Hussain, S. "District Names Speech Corpus for Pakistani Languages", in the Proceedings of 18th Oriental COCOSDA/CASLRE Conference 2015, Shanghai, China. (URL: http://www.ococosda2015.org/Default.aspx).

Qasim, M., Anwar, A., Habib, T. and Hussain, S. "Development of Multiple Automatic Speech Recognition Systems in the Galaxy Framework", poster presentation in 18th Oriental COCOSDA/CASLRE Conference 2015, Shanghai, China. (URL: http://www.ococosda2015.org/Default.aspx). Poster

Hussain, S., Ali, S. and Akram, Q. "Nastalique Segmentation-Based Approach for Urdu OCR", in International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR), pp. 1-18, 2015. (URL: http://www.springer.com/computer/image+processing/journal/10032).

Irtza, S., Rehman, K., Hussain, S. and Adeeba, F. "Urdu Keyword Spotting System using HMM", poster presentation in Conference on Language and Technology 2014 (CLT 14), Karachi, Pakistan. (URL: http://cs.dsu.edu.pk/clt14/). Poster

Urooj, S., Shams, S., Hussain, S. and Adeeba, F. "Sense Tagged CLE Urdu Digest Corpus", in the Proceedings of Conference on Language and Technology 2014 (CLT 14), Karachi, Pakistan. (URL: http://cs.dsu.edu.pk/clt14/). Presentation

Akram, Q., Hussain, S., Adeeba, F., Rehman, S. and Saeed, M. "Framework of Urdu Nastalique Optical Character Recognition System", in the Proceedings of Conference on Language and Technology 2014 (CLT 14), Karachi, Pakistan. (URL: http://cs.dsu.edu.pk/clt14/).

Adeeba, F., Akram, Q., Khalid, H. and Hussain, S. "CLE Urdu Books N-grams", poster presentation in Conference on Language and Technology 2014 (CLT 14), Karachi, Pakistan. (URL: http://cs.dsu.edu.pk/clt14/). Poster

Zafar, A., Mahmood, A., Shams, S. and Hussain, S. "Structural Analysis of Linking Urdu WordNet to PWN 2.1", in the Proceedings of Conference on Language and Technology 2014 (CLT 14), Karachi, Pakistan. (URL: http://cs.dsu.edu.pk/clt14/). Presentation

Mumtaz, B., Hussain, A., Hussain, S., Mahmood. A., Bhatti, R., Farooq, M. and Rauf, S. "Multitier Annotation of Urdu Speech Corpus", in the Proceedings of Conference on Language and Technology 2014 (CLT14), Karachi, Pakistan. (URL: http://cs.dsu.edu.pk/clt14/). Presentation

Afsheen., Irtza, S., Farooq, M., Hussain, S. "Accent Classification among Punjabi, Urdu, Pashto, Saraiki and Sindhi Accents of Urdu Language", poster presentation in Conference on Language and Technology 2014 (CLT 14), Karachi, Pakistan. (URL: http://cs.dsu.edu.pk/clt14/). Poster

Haq, I. A., Anwar, A., Ahmad, A., Habib, T., Hussain, S. and Rahman, S. “Spoken Dialog System: Direction Guide for Lahore City”, poster presentation in Conference on Language and Technology 2014 (CLT14), Karachi, Pakistan. (URL: http://cs.dsu.edu.pk/clt14/). Poster

Nawaz, O. and Habib, T. "Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based Speech Synthesis for Urdu Language", in the Proceedings of Conference on Language and Technology 2014 (CLT14), Karachi, Pakistan. (URL:http://cs.dsu.edu.pk/clt14). Presentation

Irtza, S., Anwar, A., Hussain, S. "Improving Recognition Accuracy of Urdu Weather Service by Identifying Out-of-Vocabulary Words", in Pakistan Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Volume 15, July 2014. (URL: http://www.uet.edu.pk/research/researchinfo/index.html?RID=research_journal).

Basit, H. R. and Hussain, S. "Text Processing for Urdu TTS System", poster presentation in Conference on Language and Technology 2014 (CLT 14), Karachi, Pakistan. (URL:http://cs.dsu.edu.pk/clt14). Poster

Habib, W. Basit, H. R., Hussain, S. and Adeeba, F. "Design of Speech Corpus for Open Domain Urdu Text to Speech System Using Greedy Algorithm", in the Proceedings of Conference on Language and Technology 2014 (CLT14), Karachi, Pakistan. (URL:http://cs.dsu.edu.pk/clt14). Presentation

Ahmed, T., Urooj, S., Hussain, S., Mustafa, A., Parveen, R., Adeeba, F., Hautli, A. and Butt, M. "The CLE Urdu POS Tagset", poster presentation in Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LERC 14) 2014, Reykjavik, Iceland. (URL: http://lrec2014.lrec-conf.org/en/).

Akram, Q., Hussain, S., Niazi, A., Anjum, U., Irfan, F. "Adapting Tesseract for Complex Scripts: An Example for Urdu Nastalique", in the Proceedings of 11th IAPR Workshop on Document Analysis Systems (DAS 14) 2014, Tours, France. (URL: http://das2014.sciencesconf.org/).

Naz, M., Akram, Q. and Hussain, S. "Binarization and its Evaluation for Urdu Nastalique Document Images", in the Proceedings of The 16th International Multi Topic Conference (INMIC) 2013, Lahore, Pakistan. (URL:http://www.inmic.org.pk/)

Javed, S. and Hussain, S. "Segmentation Based Urdu Nastalique OCR", in the Proceedings of 18th Iberoamerican Congress on Pattern Recognition (CIARP 2013), Havana CUBA, 2013. (URL:http://www.ciarp.org/xviii/)

Irtza, S. and Hussain, S. "Minimally Balanced Corpus for Speech Recognition", in the Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Communications, Signal Processing, and their Applications (ICCSPA'13), IEEE, Sharjah, 2013. (URL:https://www2.aus.edu/conferences/iccspa/)

Abbasi, A. M. and Hussain, S. "Syllable Structure and Syllabification in Sindhi-English Loanwords", Published in International Researcher, ISSN 227-7471 Volume No.1 Issue No. 4 December, 2012. (URL: http://www.iresearcher.org/ )

Irtza, S. and Hussain, S. " Improving Training Data using Error Analysis of Urdu Speech Recognition System", poster presentation in Conference on Language and Technology 2012 (CLT12), Lahore, Pakistan. (URL:http://www.cle.org.pk/clt12)

Urooj, S., Hussain, S., Adeeba, F., Jabeen, F. and Parveen, R. "CLE Urdu Digest Corpus", in the Proceedings of Conference on Language and Technology 2012 (CLT12), Lahore, Pakistan. (URL:http://www.cle.org.pk/clt12)

Zafar, A., Mahmood, A., Abdullah, F., Zahid, S., Hussain, S. and Mustafa, A. "Developing Urdu WordNet Using the Merge Approach ", in the Proceedings of Conference on Language and Technology 2012 (CLT12), Lahore, Pakistan. (URL:http://www.cle.org.pk/clt12)

Jabeen, F. and Hussain, S. "The Pitch Contour of Declarative Sentences in Urdu Language", in the Proceedings of Conference on Language and Technology 2012 (CLT12), Lahore, Pakistan. (URL:http://www.cle.org.pk/clt12)

Zahid, S. and Hussain, S. "An Acoustic Study of Vowel Nasalization in Punjabi", in the Proceedings of Conference on Language and Technology 2012 (CLT12), Lahore, Pakistan. (URL:http://www.cle.org.pk/clt12)

deJong,G., Hussain, S., Irtza, S. and Hudson, T. "F0 statistics for speakers of Urdu", in the Proceedings of IAFPA 2012, Santander, Spain. (URL:http://www.iafpa2012.com/)

Mahmood, K. Q., Shams, S. "Empowering Women Survivors of Violence Through Technology", in the Journal of Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research (JSSIR), 2012, 1(2), NED Karachi, Pakistan.

Mahmood, K. Q., Shams, S. “Digital Storytelling and Self Healing of Women Survivors of Violence: Evidence from Pakistan”, in the Proceedings of IADIS International Conference on ICT, Society and Human Beings, Lisbon, Portugal 21-23 July 2012. (URL:http://www.ict-conf.org/)

Sarfraz, H., Shams, S., Mahmood, K. Q. "Assessing the Applicability of Digital Storytelling in a Pakistani Context", in the Proceedings of RELATO Digital Storytelling at The Universitat De València, Valencia (Spain), March 2012. (URL: http://www.uv.es/digitalstory/ )

Mahmood, K. Q., Shams, S. “Integrating Digital Storytelling into Curriculum: Technological Innovation for 21st Century Pakistani Classrooms”, in the Proceedings of Golden Jubilee Post Graduate Students Conference 2011 on “Rethinking Education for Pakistan in 21st Century at IER, PU September 2011. (URL:http://pu.edu.pk/home/section/allpress/822)

Ahmad, W., Hussain, S. "Enabling Complex Asian Scripts on Mobile Devices," in Localisation Focus , The International Journal of Localisation, VOL. 10 Issue 1, Localization Research Centre, University of Limerick, Ireland. ISSN: 1649-2358. (URL:http://www.localisation.ie/resources/locfocus/index.htm)

Adeeba, F., Hussain, S. "Experiences in Building Urdu WordNet,", in the Proceedings of 9th Workshop on Asian Language Resources (ALR9). (URL:http://www.dlsu.edu.ph/conferences/alr9/2011/)

Karamat, N., Malik, K., Hussain, S. "Improving Generation in Machine Translation by Separating Syntactic and Morphological Processes", in the Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology (FIT) 2011. (URL:http://fit.edu.pk/)

Sarfraz, H., Dilawari, A., Hussain, S. "Assessing Urdu Language Support on the Multilingual Web," in the Proceedings of Conference on Human Language Technology for Development (HLTD 2011) . (URL: http://www.hltd.org)

Shams, S., Hussain, S. "Strategies for Research Capacity Building in Local Language Computing: PAN Localization Project Case Study," in the Proceedings of Conference on Human Language Technology for Development (HLTD 2011) . (URL: http://www.hltd.org)

Malik, K., Ahmed, T., Sulger, S., Bögel, T., Gulzar, A., Raza, G., Hussain, S., and Butt, M., "Transliterating Urdu for a Broad-Coverage Urdu/Hindi LFG Grammar", in the Proceedings of Seventh Conference on International Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2010), Valletta, May 2010. (URL: http://www.lrec-conf.org/lrec2010/)

Durrani, Q., Ijaz, M., Bokhari, R. and Hussain, S., "e-ELT: Challenges in Content Development", in the Proceedings of International Conference on Diffusion of ICTs in Academia: Learning in the Digital Age in Islamic Countries; October 4 - 5, 2010, Khartoum, Republic of Sudan.

Sarfraz, H., Hussain, S., Bano, M., Mustafa, A. and Parveen, R., "Urdu Localization of Open Source Software," in the Journal of UBICC "Special Issue of Fourth International Conference on Open-Source Systems and Technologies (ICOSST-2010)". (URL: http://www.ubicc.org/news_detail.aspx?id=35)

Javed, S., Hussain, S., Maqbool, A., Asloob, S., Jameel, S. and Moin, H., "Segmentation Free Nastalique Urdu OCR," in the Journal of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Issue 70, October 2010. (URL:http://www.waset.org/journals/waset/v70.php)

Sarfraz, H., Hussain, S., Bano, M., Mustafa, A. and Parveen, R., "Urdu Localization of Open Source Software," in the Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Open-Source Systems and Technologies (ICOSST-2010). (URL: http://www.uet.edu.pk/Conferences/icosst2010/home.html?RID=home)

Sarfraz, H., Hussain, S., Bokhari, R., Raza, A.A., Ullah, I., Sarfraz, Z., Pervez, S., Mustafa, A., Javed, I. and Parveen, R., "Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition for Urdu," in the Proceedings of International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology (FIT) 2010. (URL:http://fit.edu.pk/)

Raza, A.A., Hussain, S., Sarfraz, H., Ullah, I. and Sarfraz, Z., "An ASR System for Spontaneous Urdu Speech," in the Proceedings of O-COCOSDA 2010, Kathmandu, Nepal. (URL:http://desceco.org/O-COCOSDA2010/index.php)

Sarfraz, H., Hussain, S., Bokhari, R., Raza, A.A., Ullah, I., Sarfraz, Z., Pervez, S., Mustafa, A., Javed, I. and Parveen, R., "Speech Corpus Development for a Speaker Independent Spontaneous Urdu Speech Recognition System," in the Proceedings of O-COCOSDA 2010, Kathmandu, Nepal. (URL:http://desceco.org/O-COCOSDA2010/index.php)

Shams, S., Hussain, S. and Mirza, A. (2010), "Gender and Outcome Mapping", in Belawati, T. and Baggaley, J. (eds) Policy and Practice in Asian Distance Education, Sage Publication India Pvt. Ltd.

Norbu, S., Choejey, P., Dendup, T., Hussain, S. and Muaz, A."Dzongkha Word Segmentation", in the Proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Asian Language Resources, COLING2010, Beijing, China. (URL: http://www.coling-2010.org/).

Awan, W. and Hussain, S. "A hybrid approach to Urdu Verb Phrase chunking", in the Proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Asian Language Resources, COLING2010, Beijing, China. (URL: http://www.coling-2010.org/).

Akram, M. and Hussain, S. "Word Segmentation for Urdu OCR System", in the Proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Asian Language Resources, COLING2010, Beijing, China. (URL: http://www.coling-2010.org/).